{"id":421,"date":"2024-08-25T16:14:37","date_gmt":"2024-08-25T16:14:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/?page_id=421"},"modified":"2024-08-25T16:19:14","modified_gmt":"2024-08-25T16:19:14","slug":"notes-quotes-summary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/notes-quotes-summary\/","title":{"rendered":"Golightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u2018I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m a Homosexual!\u2019: Overt and Covert Conversion Therapy Practices in Therapeutic Boarding Schools <\/strong>by Sarah Golightley<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Programs Mentioned: None<\/p>\n\n\n\n

British Journal of Social Work (2023) 53, 1426\u20131444 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Triggers: homophobia, transphobia, physical abuse, psychological abuse, conversion therapy, incest, forced labor, neglect, stress position torture, spiritual abuse<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The author is a survivor and researcher<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interviews were conducted with Therapeutic Boarding School (TBS)<\/strong> survivors who shared their experiences with conversion therapy

Conversion therapy is based on the premise that that everyone is (or can become) straight and cisgender (not transgender)

In conversion therapy, trans and queer identities are seen as spiritual illnesses

Removal of LGBTQ+ social influences is part of conversion therapy

\u201cSexual orientation, gender identity and expression change efforts (SOGIECE) are practices that pressure a person to change or suppress their sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression to more closely align with cisgender and heterosexual norms (Salway, 2020; Kinitz et al., 2022). I use the word \u2018pressure\u2019 where other scholars have used \u2018attempt\u2019 to reflect that SOGIECE can be enacted with or without intentional effort and can be perpetuated knowingly or unknowingly.<\/strong> I use the term \u2018conversion therapy\u2019 to describe SOGIECE practices that occur within formal \u2018care\u2019 settings, such as TBS\u201d p. 1430

Case Study 1 \u2013 James, overt conversion therapy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

James is white, cisgender, and gay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James attended a TBS in the 1990s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Overt conversion therapy: admitting to trying to change someone\u2019s sexual orientation or gender identity\/expression on purpose<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeremy\u2019s mother sent him to a TBS because he was gay<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeremy\u2019s TBS was in the \u201crural Southeast\u201d

Jeremy was outed as gay at his TBS when staff found gay pornography on his laptop

Jeremy was put on \u201crestriction\u201d for coming out as gay to other students
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TRIGGER WARNING: description of physically and psychologically abusive and neglectful punishments; description of forced labor p. 1431

\u201cAt Jeremy\u2019s TBS staff operated a \u2018privilege level\u2019 system where a student\u2019s perceived emotional progress and good behaviour were rewarded by level promotion, and perceived non-compliance resulted in demotion. \u2018Privileges\u2019 were not merely superfluous comforts, moving up privilege levels protected students from the most extreme living conditions and maltreatment. Demotion to the lowest level was a severe punishment. Jeremy was removed from the day-to-day life of the school and no longer allowed to communicate with his peers.” p. 1431

TBS staff incorrectly assumed Jeremy was gay because of childhood sexual abuse

TBS staff assigned Jeremy manual labor so that he would become more \u201cmasculine\u201d

TBS staff encouraged Jeremy to suppress his sexual orientation

Jeremy suffered trauma from his experiences and is no longer in contact with his mother

Case Study 2 \u2013 Eli, covert conversion therapy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eli is white, queer, and nonbinary (uses they\/them pronouns)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They attended a TBS in the 2010s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eli\u2019s family did not want to change Eli\u2019s orientation or identity<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI define \u2018covert conversion therapy\u2019 as practices that do not openly or explicitly attempt to change or suppress a person\u2019s sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression, but where there is sustained pressure by persons in authority for such change or suppression and an underlying conversion ideology\u201d p. 1432

Eli\u2019s TBS claimed to be LGBTQ+ friendly<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eli is autistic

When Eli was sent to a TBS, they were out as queer, but had not yet figured out their gender identity

Eli and their parents selected their TBS together and intentionally chose one that advertised itself as secular and LGBTQ+ friendly

The staff at Eli\u2019s TBS were all Mormon and would not allow Eli or other students to talk about their sexual orientations

Eli\u2019s TBS also used a level-based system of privileges

Eli was never told to identify as a woman explicitly, but felt pressured to do so in order to move up

Eli\u2019s TBS believed that Eli\u2019s queer identity would disappear after resolving trauma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eli experienced PTSD from their time at the TBS

Epistemic injustice: <\/strong>when a person is treated like they can\u2019t know something that they actually do know

\u201cTroubled teens\u201d frequently experience epistemic injustice from TBS staff and family members

Conversion therapy is a form of epistemic injustice: it tells LGBTQ+ people that they don\u2019t know what they want or who they are<\/strong>

\u201cTestimonial injustice occurs when a speaker\u2019s word is not valued or believed due to unfair or prejudicial assumptions about the speaker\u2019s capacity to know a subject. In TBS, the students were treated as having a credibility deficit, a lack of valuable insight and knowledge.\u201d p. 1436

Eli mentioned that they weren\u2019t allowed to argue with staff at their TBS and they would be accused of being \u201cin denial\u201d if they ever openly disagreed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeremy did not believe in the program at his TBS but he participated in it to avoid punishment

Jeremy was able to secretly have sexual and romantic relationships with other students without being caught by TBS staff

Eli began to believe in the program and feels \u201cbrainwashed\u201d

Eli did not question the program\u2019s ideology again until months after they graduated

Jeremy was sexually abused by a male student and a male staff member while at his TBS

Jeremy did not report his abuse because he did not think he would be believed

Eli did not report abuse because they did not trust the program to do anything to stop it

A staff member at Eli\u2019s TBS was recently arrested for sexually abusing students

Epistemic injustice makes it harder for victims to report abuse\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Epistemic injustice also makes it easier for perpetrators to hide abuse
<\/strong>
These case studies are examples of how conversion therapy keeps changing over time<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conversion therapy ban legislation usually only covers services provided by a healthcare provider<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TBS staff are usually not healthcare providers<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conversion therapy was part of the culture at both Jeremy\u2019s and Eli\u2019s programs
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u2018I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m a Homosexual!\u2019: Overt and Covert Conversion Therapy Practices in Therapeutic Boarding Schools by Sarah Golightley Programs Mentioned: None British Journal of Social Work (2023) 53, 1426\u20131444  Triggers: homophobia, transphobia, physical abuse, psychological abuse, conversion therapy, incest, forced labor, neglect, stress position torture, spiritual abuse The author is a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-421","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"mb":[],"yoast_head":"\nGolightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary - Staging<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Golightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary - Staging\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2018I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m a Homosexual!\u2019: Overt and Covert Conversion Therapy Practices in Therapeutic Boarding Schools by Sarah Golightley Programs Mentioned: None British Journal of Social Work (2023) 53, 1426\u20131444  Triggers: homophobia, transphobia, physical abuse, psychological abuse, conversion therapy, incest, forced labor, neglect, stress position torture, spiritual abuse The author is a...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/notes-quotes-summary\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Staging\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-25T16:19:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/notes-quotes-summary\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/notes-quotes-summary\\\/\",\"name\":\"Golightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary - Staging\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-25T16:14:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-25T16:19:14+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/notes-quotes-summary\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/notes-quotes-summary\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/notes-quotes-summary\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Golightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kids Over Profits\",\"description\":\"Survivor-led News and Education about the Troubled Teen Industry\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Kids Over Profits\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/kop-reddit-banner.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/kop-reddit-banner.jpg\",\"width\":851,\"height\":315,\"caption\":\"Kids Over Profits\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/kidsoverprofits.org\\\/staging\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Golightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary - Staging","robots":{"index":"noindex","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Golightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary - Staging","og_description":"\u2018I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m Gay! I\u2019m a Homosexual!\u2019: Overt and Covert Conversion Therapy Practices in Therapeutic Boarding Schools by Sarah Golightley Programs Mentioned: None British Journal of Social Work (2023) 53, 1426\u20131444  Triggers: homophobia, transphobia, physical abuse, psychological abuse, conversion therapy, incest, forced labor, neglect, stress position torture, spiritual abuse The author is a...","og_url":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/notes-quotes-summary\/","og_site_name":"Staging","article_modified_time":"2024-08-25T16:19:14+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/notes-quotes-summary\/","url":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/notes-quotes-summary\/","name":"Golightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary - Staging","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-08-25T16:14:37+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-25T16:19:14+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/notes-quotes-summary\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/notes-quotes-summary\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/notes-quotes-summary\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Golightley Conversion therapy Notes, Quotes, & Summary"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/#website","url":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/","name":"Kids Over Profits","description":"Survivor-led News and Education about the Troubled Teen Industry","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/#organization","name":"Kids Over Profits","url":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/kop-reddit-banner.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/kop-reddit-banner.jpg","width":851,"height":315,"caption":"Kids Over Profits"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"mfb_rest_fields":["title","yoast_head","yoast_head_json"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/421","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=421"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/421\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":427,"href":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/421\/revisions\/427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kidsoverprofits.org\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=421"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}